A brief history of hip replacement surgery
Hip replacement is a medical procedure in replacing the hip joint with a synthetic implant. It is the biggest success cheapest and safest way to joint replacement surgery. The first recorded attempts at hip replacement, that took place in Germany, used ivory to replace the femoral head.
The use of artificial hips became more common in the 1930s, the joints man were made of steel or chrome. They were considered better than the arthritis, but there were a number of drawbacks. The main problem is that no joint surfaces could be lubricated by the body, leading to wear and loosening, and therefore the need to replace the joint again (known as revision operations).
Attempts to use Teflon joints that cause osteolysis produced and carried out within two years. Another major problem was infection. Before the advent of antibiotics, surgery of the joints had a high risk of infection. Even with antibiotic treatment, infection remains a review some operations. These infections are not necessarily caused during surgery, but can also be the result of bacteria entering the bloodstream during dental treatment.
The modern artificial joint owes much to the work of John Charnley at the Manchester Royal Infirmary, and his work in the field of tribology resulted in a design that completely replaced other designs by the 1970s. Charnley's design consisted of three parts – (1) a metal (originally Stainless Steel) femoral component (2) an Ultra High Molecular Weight polyethylene acetabular component, which is fixed to the bone (3) special bone cement. Replacement the joint, which became known as low-friction arthroplasty is lubricated with synovial fluid.
The small femoral head (22.25mm) produced wear issues that made it suitable only for sedentary patients, but – on the positive side – a huge reduction in resulting friction led to clinical outcomes excellent. For over two decades, the design of Charnley low-friction arthroplasty was the most common system in the world, far surpassing the more available options (like McKee and Ring).
In 1960 Burma's an orthopedic surgeon, Dr. San Baw (29 June 1922-7 December 1984), a pioneer in the use of prosthetic ivory hip to replace ununited fractures of the femoral neck (hip bone), when first used an ivory prosthesis to replace the fractured hip bone 83 a year old Burmese Buddhist nun, Daw Punya. This was done while Dr. San Baw was the chief of orthopedic surgery at the Mandalay Hospital Manadalay General, Burma. Dr. San Baw used over 300 ivory hip replacements from 1960 to 1980.
Presented a paper entitled 'replacements hip Ivory ununited fractures of the femoral neck at the conference of the British Orthopaedic Association held in London in September 1969. A successful 88% rate is perceived that Dr. San Baw patients ranging from ages 24-87 were able to walk, bend, biking and playing soccer a couple of weeks after from a broken hip bones were replaced with ivory prostheses. Dr. San Baw's use of ivory, at least in Burma during the years 1960, 1970 and 1980 (before the Illegal ivory trade became rampant starting around the 1990s) cheaper metal. Moreover, due to physical, mechanical, chemical, biological and qualities of ivory, found that there was a better biological link "ivory human tissues near the prosthesis ivory. An abstract of the paper Dr. San Baw, who presented to the Conference of the British Orthopaedic Association 1969, is published by Journal of Bone and surgery joint (British edition), February 1970.
In the last decade, several evolutionary improvements have been made in the process of total hip replacement and prostheses. Many hip implants are made of a ceramic material rather than polyethylene, which some research indicates reduces wear of the joints. Metal-on metal implants are also gaining popularity. Some implants are joined without cement, the prosthesis is given a porous texture in which bone grows. This has been demonstrated reducing the need for revision of the acetabular component. Surgeons still frequently use bone cement for femoral component, however, has been very successful after 35 years of clinical experience.
The recent development of several competitors of Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) approaches, which may lead to soft tissue damage, much less a faster recovery. CAOS (Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery) is also being marketed aggressively by the manufacturers of implants, although their value remains largely untested .. computer-assisted surgery is said to better navigate prosthesis implantation.
An alternative to total hip replacement (THR) is the surface hip replacement (HSR), also known as hip resurfacing. With ATC and HSR, a lace prosthesis is pressed into the pelvis. With THR, the end of the femur is amputation, a metal stem is inserted into the femur and the stem holding a ball that fits with the power supply. With resurfacing, the end of the femur is amputated, the external surface of the ball of the femur is replaced by a cylindrical metal cover. Resurfacing eliminates the common problem of THR the weakening of the metal shaft of the femur. Resurfacing preserves bone stock if a review is always necessary. A larger diameter ball more closely mimic the natural joint structure, reducing the risk of dislocation and improving range of motion. There have been no clinical evidence published to show that today's metal-metal CoCr articulating surfaces have the effect osteolytic bone than previous devices had polyethylene. Ten years the success rates of hip resurfacing from studies on the success of England report of equal or greater than the standard total hip replacement in patients of comparable age. In the United States, the first modern rejuvenation device received FDA approval in May 2006, while 90,000 have been made resurfacings worldwide.
Patients must be aware of all surgical options before hip replacement surgery. hip surgeons have different surgical techniques and surgical results. Currently, there are several different incisions with which to access your hip joint. The posterior approach (widely used by most orthopedic surgeons) separates the gluteus maximus in line with the muscle fibers to access the hip joint. Other methods Hip access the lateral side of the hip joint. In contrast to the lateral approach, posterior approach, the anterior approach uses a natural interval between tissues soft to access the hip joint. Its main disadvantages are that you risk damaging the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, and is not widely available for the public because fewer surgeons have been trained in this technique.
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Patients need to be aware of all surgical options before hip replacement surgery.
